{"id":4064,"date":"2019-03-08T15:24:11","date_gmt":"2019-03-08T08:24:11","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/pacvietnam.vn\/?p=4064"},"modified":"2019-03-11T08:38:18","modified_gmt":"2019-03-11T01:38:18","slug":"thi-cong-lap-dat-thiet-bi-nuoc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/pacvietnam.vn\/en\/thi-cong-lap-dat-thiet-bi-nuoc\/","title":{"rendered":"Tri\u1ec3n v\u1ecdng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ph\u1ed1tpho v\u00e0ng t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam"},"content":{"rendered":"

Photpho\u00a0(P) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. Photpho c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ea1ng th\u00f9 h\u00ecnh\u00a0(photpho tr\u1eafng, photpho \u0111\u1ecf,…) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t b\u1edfi c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o ph\u00e2n t\u1eed, t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a – l\u00fd ho\u1eb7c m\u00e0u s\u1eafc. Trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, photpho tr\u1eafng c\u00f3 l\u1eabn t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t n\u00ean c\u00f3 m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 photpho v\u00e0ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ax\u00edt photphoric, c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i mu\u1ed1i ph\u1ed1tph\u00e1t v.v…<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Trong t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 P t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i qu\u1eb7ng ph\u1ed1tph\u00e1t\u00a0(apatit, photphorit). \u0110\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c photpho v\u00e0ng \u1edf quy m\u00f4 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ho\u00e0n nguy\u00ean\u00a0(kh\u1eed) P t\u1eeb qu\u1eb7ng photphat thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao trong l\u00f2 \u0111i\u1ec7n. P tho\u00e1t ra \u1edf th\u1ec3 kh\u00ed\u00a0(th\u0103ng hoa) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0ng t\u1ee5 b\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc cho ph\u00e9p thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c photpho v\u00e0ng \u1edf th\u1ec3 r\u1eafn.<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc duy nh\u1ea5t \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00e1 c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n qu\u1eb7ng apatit d\u1ed3i d\u00e0o, cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay lo\u1ea1i qu\u1eb7ng n\u00e0y v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu cho c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e2n l\u00e2n\u00a0(supe photphat \u0111\u01a1n, ph\u00e2n l\u00e2n nung ch\u1ea3y). Nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 photpho v\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam h\u00e0ng n\u0103m t\u1eeb 6 – 8 ng\u00e0n t\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t axit photphoric\u00a0(H3<\/sub>PO4<\/sub>) ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho nhu c\u1ea7u trong n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u, nh\u01b0ng nhu c\u1ea7u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd t\u0103ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 trong c\u00e1c n\u0103m t\u1edbi. Ngu\u1ed3n photpho v\u00e0ng cung c\u1ea5p cho c\u00e1c d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t H3<\/sub>PO4<\/sub>\u00a0c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5ng C\u00f4ng ty H\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t Vi\u1ec7t Nam\u00a0(TCT HCVN)(t\u1ed5ng c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t kho\u1ea3ng 25.000 t\u1ea5n\/ n\u0103m) \u0111\u1ebfn nay ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u t\u1eeb Trung Qu\u1ed1c. Nh\u1eefng n\u0103m v\u1eeba qua, v\u1edbi \u01b0u th\u1ebf v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1\u00a0(c\u00f3 l\u00fac xu\u1ed1ng t\u1edbi d\u01b0\u1edbi 900 USD\/ t\u1ea5n so v\u1edbi tr\u00ean 2.000 USD\/ t\u1ea5n nh\u01b0 hi\u1ec7n nay) v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n cung c\u1ea5p kh\u00e1 d\u1ed3i d\u00e0o n\u00ean photpho v\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u00e0 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n l\u1ea5n \u00e1t s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t trong n\u01b0\u1edbc. Tuy v\u1eady, th\u1eddi gian g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, ngu\u1ed3n cung c\u1ea5p photpho v\u00e0ng t\u1eeb Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n h\u01a1n, gi\u00e1 b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea9y l\u00ean cao, v\u00ec v\u1eady vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t photpho v\u00e0ng trong n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u1edf n\u00ean c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n mang l\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n

\u1ede\u00a0Vi\u1ec7t Nam, ngay t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1980, C\u00f4ng ty Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebft C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p H\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t\u00a0(CECO) \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t photpho v\u00e0ng. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t photpho v\u00e0ng, c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t 50 – 60 t\u1ea5n\/ n\u0103m theo c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 l\u00f2 \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 ra \u0111\u1eddi, s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eb7ng Huy ch\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u00e0ng H\u1ed9i ch\u1ee3 Tri\u1ec3n l\u00e3m Vi\u1ec7t Nam n\u0103m 1986.<\/p>\n

N\u0103m 1999, t\u1ea1i T\u1eb1ng Lo\u1ecfng\u00a0(L\u00e0o Cai), C\u00f4ng ty Apatit Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t photpho v\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam theo c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 l\u00f2 \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t 2.000 t\u1ea5n\/ n\u0103m, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 qu\u1eb7ng apatit lo\u1ea1i I c\u1ee7a L\u00e0o Cai v\u00e0 than c\u1ed1c nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u. Nh\u1eefng n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111i v\u00e0o s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u kinh nghi\u1ec7m qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u00ean c\u00e1c chi ph\u00ed, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 ti\u00eau hao \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng cho s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn, s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m l\u00e0m ra kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u1edbi h\u00e0ng nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u gi\u00e1 th\u1ea5p n\u00ean C\u00f4ng ty ch\u1ec9 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u1ea7m ch\u1eebng. T\u1eeb n\u0103m 2003, khi ngu\u1ed3n cung c\u1ea5p photpho v\u00e0ng t\u1eeb Trung Qu\u1ed1c gi\u1ea3m th\u00ec ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n photpho v\u00e0ng L\u00e0o Cai t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 khi C\u00f4ng ty C\u1ed5 ph\u1ea7n B\u1ed9t gi\u1eb7t v\u00e0 H\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t \u0110\u1ee9c Giang, \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 photpho v\u00e0ng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u1edf ph\u00eda B\u1eafc tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u00ec ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n tr\u1edf n\u00ean hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n, b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 b\u00f9 \u0111\u1eafp \u0111\u1ee7 chi ph\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin ban \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t photpho v\u00e0ng t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng m\u1eebng, tuy v\u1eady c\u0169ng c\u00f2n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ee7 nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u\u00a0(qu\u1eb7ng apatit, than c\u1ed1c ho\u1eb7c than antraxit…) cho s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. Theo thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n photpho v\u00e0ng L\u00e0o Cai s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 qu\u1eb7ng apatit c\u1ee5c nguy\u00ean khai lo\u1ea1i I c\u00f3 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng P2<\/sub>O5<\/sub>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n 30%. N\u1ebfu t\u00ednh c\u1ea3 d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n 6.000 t\u1ea5n photpho v\u00e0ng\/ n\u0103m c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng ty TNHH m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean H\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t C\u01a1 b\u1ea3n Mi\u1ec1n Nam \u0111ang trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n l\u1eadp d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng th\u00ec nhu c\u1ea7u qu\u1eb7ng apatit c\u1ee5c lo\u1ea1i I cho s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng n\u0103m x\u1ea5p x\u1ec9 100 ngh\u00ecn\/ t\u1ea5n, chi\u1ebfm kho\u1ea3ng 30% l\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u1eb7ng lo\u1ea1i I khai th\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng ty Apatit Vi\u1ec7t Nam. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n l\u1edbn v\u00ec tr\u1eef l\u01b0\u1ee3ng khai th\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a qu\u1eb7ng apatit lo\u1ea1i I ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean khan hi\u1ebfm.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p cung c\u1ea5p qu\u1eb7ng apatit l\u00e2u d\u00e0i v\u00e0 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh cho s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t photpho v\u00e0ng, TCT HCVN \u0111\u00e3 giao nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb l\u00e0 CECO, C\u00f4ng ty Apatit Vi\u1ec7t Nam, C\u00f4ng ty C\u1ed5 ph\u1ea7n B\u1ed9t gi\u1eb7t v\u00e0 H\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t \u0110\u1ee9c Giang ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p l\u1eadp ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng qu\u1eb7ng apatit lo\u1ea1i II \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t photpho v\u00e0ng. Qu\u1eb7ng apatit lo\u1ea1i II tuy c\u00f3 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng P2<\/sub>O5<\/sub>\u00a0th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi qu\u1eb7ng apatit lo\u1ea1i I nh\u01b0ng tr\u1eef l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1ed3i d\u00e0o h\u01a1n, t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u01a1 l\u00fd t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n… h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n m\u1ed9t kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng thay th\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1eb7ng lo\u1ea1i I l\u00e0m nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u cho s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t photpho v\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng \u1edf trong n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t kh\u00f3 kh\u1eafn kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ecf n\u1eefa c\u1ee7a d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t photpho v\u00e0ng t\u1ea1i L\u00e0o Cai hi\u1ec7n nay l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 cung c\u1ea5p than c\u1ed1c l\u00e0m nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u cho s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. Trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t photpho v\u00e0ng, than c\u1ed1c l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n cung c\u1ea5p nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 cacbon tham gia v\u00e0o ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng kh\u1eed P nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

2Ca3<\/sub>(PO4<\/sub>)2<\/sub>\u00a0+ 28C = P4<\/sub>\u00a0+ 16CO + 6CaC2<\/sub><\/p>\n

Hi\u1ec7n nay, ngu\u1ed3n cung c\u1ea5p than c\u1ed1c t\u1eeb Trung Qu\u1ed1c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n n\u1eefa, do \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i xem x\u00e9t kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng than antraxit Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf. So v\u1edbi than c\u1ed1c, than antraxit c\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t t\u00ednh c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cacbon\u00a0(C) th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n\u00a0(h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng C c\u1ee7a than antraxit trung b\u00ecnh l\u00e0 75% so v\u1edbi 85% c\u1ee7a than c\u1ed1c, v\u1ec1 ho\u1ea1t t\u00ednh, than antraxit x\u1ebfp th\u1ee9 3 sau than c\u1ed1c v\u00e0 grafit). Trong khi th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n tro x\u1ec9, ch\u1ea5t b\u1ed1c, \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m l\u1ea1i cao h\u01a1n n\u00ean s\u1ebd g\u00e2y kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n cho kh\u00e2u v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh l\u00f2. B\u00f9 l\u1ea1i, gi\u00e1 than antraxit th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n, ngu\u1ed3n cung c\u1ea5p t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7, \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00ean n\u1ebfu t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee7ng lo\u1ea1i than antraxit c\u00f3 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng C cao, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u1ea5t b\u1ed1c h\u1ee3p l\u00fd… s\u1ebd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf cho than c\u1ed1c trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t photpho v\u00e0ng v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t s\u01a1 b\u1ed9 th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ea5t b\u1ed1c tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o ph\u1ed1i li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n

Photpho v\u00e0ng l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c, trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed d\u1ec5 b\u1ed1c ch\u00e1y, v\u00ec v\u1eady d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t photpho v\u00e0ng lu\u00f4n ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n nguy c\u01a1 g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m, ch\u00e1y n\u1ed5 r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ec3 thu h\u1ed3i, x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a CO, PO4<\/sub>3-<\/sup>, F–<\/sup>, PH3<\/sub>,… \u0110\u1ec3 ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m, khi x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t photpho v\u00e0ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u1ea3i thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng x\u1eed l\u00fd n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i, cho ph\u00e9p tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n 100% n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7. Kh\u00ed l\u00f2 \u0111i\u1ec7n sau khi qua th\u00e1p ng\u01b0ng t\u1ee5 P c\u00f3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 CO c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1t tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh \u1ed1ng kh\u00f3i cao t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 45m. X\u1ec9 l\u00f2 sau khi l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i, c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c kho b\u00e3i ri\u00eang c\u00e1ch xa khu d\u00e2n c\u01b0. C\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p an to\u00e0n – v\u1ec7 sinh lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, trang b\u1ecb BHL\u0110 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, ph\u00f2ng ch\u1ed1ng ch\u00e1y n\u1ed5 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eadp, ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t v\u00e0 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t.<\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n cung c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng cho s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t photpho v\u00e0ng: V\u1edbi ti\u00eau hao \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng trung b\u00ecnh t\u1eeb 14 – 18.000 kWh cho 1 t\u1ea5n photpho v\u00e0ng\u00a0(t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t l\u00f2) th\u00ec chi ph\u00ed \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng chi\u1ebfm t\u1edbi 70% gi\u00e1 th\u00e0nh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t photpho v\u00e0ng. V\u00ec v\u1eady, ngu\u1ed3n cung c\u1ea5p \u0111i\u1ec7n \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 r\u1ebb l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ednh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t photpho v\u00e0ng. Vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c c\u1ee5m m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1ef1 cung – t\u1ef1 c\u1ea5p, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t n\u1ebfu t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng th\u1ee7y \u0111i\u1ec7n nh\u1ecf c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u1ec9nh mi\u1ec1n n\u00fai nh\u01b0 L\u00e0o Cai th\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft cho b\u00e0i to\u00e1n n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb cho s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t photpho v\u00e0ng t\u1eeb qu\u1eb7ng lo\u1ea1i II:<\/p>\n

Theo \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia Li\u00ean X\u00f4 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t photpho v\u00e0ng trong l\u00f2 \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c nhau ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 \u1edf kh\u00e2u chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o, t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u1eb7ng apatit. Trong 3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u00ec ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p s\u1ea5y – nung\u00a0(\u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi qu\u1eb7ng k\u00edch c\u1ee1 10 – 70 mm) v\u00e0 v\u00ea vi\u00ean – t\u1ea1o h\u1ea1t\u00a0(\u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi qu\u1eb7ng c\u1ee1 0 – 0,074mm) v\u00ec nh\u1eefng l\u00fd do k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi qu\u1eb7ng apatit lo\u1ea1i II L\u00e0o Cai, trong khi \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a lo\u1ea1i qu\u1eb7ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u00eau k\u1ebft l\u1ea1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a qu\u1eb7ng photphat c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean X\u00f4 n\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p thi\u00eau k\u1ebft qu\u1eb7ng apatit lo\u1ea1i II L\u00e0o Cai \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u cho s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t photpho v\u00e0ng v\u00e0 d\u00f9ng than antraxit H\u00f2n Gai l\u00e0m nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u cho ph\u1ed1i li\u1ec7u thi\u00eau k\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ph\u1ed1i li\u1ec7u, c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb ph\u1ed1i li\u1ec7u\u00a0(qu\u1eb7ng apatit, than, qu\u0103czit…), ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0ng t\u1ee5 photpho v\u00e0ng, k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u, ph\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh h\u1ee3p l\u00fd v\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng… l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t photpho v\u00e0ng. Nh\u1eefng kinh nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 t\u00edch l\u0169y d\u1ea7n trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

V\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u1ebf m\u1ea1nh nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n qu\u1eb7ng apatit d\u1ed3i d\u00e0o, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 qu\u1eb7ng apatit lo\u1ea1i II; ngu\u1ed3n cung c\u1ea5p than antraxit, qu\u0103czit ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao v\u00e0 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh; c\u00f3 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 photpho v\u00e0ng trong n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t photpho v\u00e0ng tuy m\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh nh\u01b0ng b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 n\u1eafm b\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 s\u1ea3n xu\u00e2t v\u00e0 \u0111ang t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00edch l\u0169y kinh nghi\u1ec7m… Hy v\u1ecdng trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai kh\u00f4ng xa, s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t photpho v\u00e0ng s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0nh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t m\u0169i nh\u1ecdn c\u1ee7a TCT HCVN.<\/p>\n

T.S. NGUY\u1ec4N DUY S\u1ef8<\/strong><\/b><\/p>\n

Ph\u00f3 T\u1ed5ng Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c TCTHCVN<\/em><\/p>\n

Theo\u00a0www.vinachem.com.vn<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Photpho\u00a0(P) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. Photpho c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ea1ng th\u00f9 h\u00ecnh\u00a0(photpho tr\u1eafng, photpho \u0111\u1ecf,…) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t b\u1edfi c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o ph\u00e2n t\u1eed, t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a – l\u00fd ho\u1eb7c m\u00e0u s\u1eafc. Trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, photpho tr\u1eafng c\u00f3 l\u1eabn t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4126,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[402],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pacvietnam.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4064"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pacvietnam.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pacvietnam.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pacvietnam.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pacvietnam.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4064"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/pacvietnam.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4064\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4119,"href":"https:\/\/pacvietnam.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4064\/revisions\/4119"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pacvietnam.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4126"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pacvietnam.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4064"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pacvietnam.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4064"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pacvietnam.vn\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4064"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}